Kenya
has become the leading exporter of Hass avocados in Africa, thanks to the
tropical climate and the volcanic soils which are ideal for avocado farming. The
high demand for Hass avocados continues to increase both locally and
internationally due to their creamy texture, rich flavor, and long shelf life.
This article provides a step-by-step guide to setting up a successful,
commercial Hass avocado farm in Kenya..
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| Commercial Hass Avocado Farming in Kenya |
1.
Visit and Learn From
Existing Farmers
Before
starting, you must take time to visit 2 or 3 farmers who are already producing
and selling Hass avocados. Visiting established Hass avocado farms provides
invaluable insights and practical knowledge that you won’t get through reading.
Additionally, interacting with seasoned farmers allows you to understand current
potential challenges such as pest outbreaks or market fluctuations, and how to
overcome them. These visits also offer networking opportunities with other
farmers and suppliers, which can prove beneficial as you establish your farm.
2.
Select a Suitable Location
Hass
avocado trees thrive in areas with specific climatic and soil conditions.
Consider the following factors when choosing a location:
- Altitude:
Ideal for elevations between 1,200 and 2,100 meters above sea level.
- Temperature:
Hass avocados prefer temperatures between 20°C and 24°C.
- Rainfall:
An annual rainfall of 1,000-1,500 mm is suitable, but supplementary
irrigation is necessary in drier regions.
- Soil:
The soil should be well-drained, loamy, and rich in organic matter with a
pH of 5.5 to 6.5.
3.
Prepare the Land
Once
you have identified a suitable location, prepare the land:
- Clear the land of weeds and debris.
- Conduct soil tests to determine nutrient levels and pH.
- Apply necessary soil amendments such as lime or organic
manure to optimize soil conditions.
- Create terraces if the land is on a slope to prevent
soil erosion.
4.
Source Quality Seedlings
Obtain
certified Hass avocado seedlings from reputable nurseries to ensure high yields
and disease resistance. Some of the trusted suppliers in Kenya include:
- Richfarm Kenya
- Kijani seeds and seedlings
- Avocado Society of Kenya
Ensure
that the seedlings are grafted and healthy. Each seedling typically costs
between Ksh 100 and Ksh 200.
5.
Planting
- Dig planting holes measuring 2 feet wide and 2 feet
deep, spaced 5-7 meters apart.
- Mix the topsoil with well-decomposed manure and fill
the hole leaving only a small region fro irrigation.
- Place the seedling in the hole, ensuring the grafted
union is above the soil level.
- Cover with the remaining soil and mulch around the base
to retain moisture.
6.
Irrigation and Water
Management
Hass
avocado trees require consistent watering, especially during the dry season.
Invest in a reliable irrigation system, such as drip or micro-sprinkler
irrigation, to maintain optimal soil moisture levels.
7.
Fertilization and Pest
Control
- Fertilization:
Apply nitrogen-rich fertilizers and organic manure periodically to boost
tree growth during the early stages of the farm establishment. Later, keep
using organic manure and top-dressing with balanced NPK fertilizer.
- Pest and Disease Management:
Common pests include thrips, mites, and fruit flies. Diseases such as root
rot can be managed through proper drainage and fungicide application.
8.
Pruning and Canopy
Management
Prune
your avocado trees once a year after harvesting to remove dead or diseased
branches, improve air circulation, and allow sunlight to penetrate the canopy.
This promotes healthier growth and higher yields.
9.
Harvesting Marketing and
Export
Hass
avocados mature within 2-3 years after transplanting the grafted seedlings. The
fruits are ready for harvest when they turn dark green and lose their glossy
appearance. Once ready for harvesting, you only need to inform your export
company and they will come to your farm to supervise the harvesting. They then
take the produce to a collection center where it is sorted and graded based on
size and quality. Ensure compliance with export standards, including GlobalGAP
certification to avoid losing your produce due to poor quality.
If you would need help in establishing your avocado farm, do not hesitate to call us.
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